Cartridge with identifiers

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to cartridges containing identifiers, and in particular to printer consumable cartridges containing identifiers which may be applied to printed media.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to cartridges containing identifiers, and in particular to printer consumable cartridges containing identifiers which may be applied to printed media.

CROSS REFERENCE APPLICATIONS

Various methods, systems and apparatus relating to the present invention are disclosed in the following granted U.S. patents and co-pending U.S. applications filed by the applicant or assignee of the present application: The disclosures of all of these granted U.S. patents and co-pending U.S. applications are incorporated herein by reference. 6,374,354 PLT034US 09/575,108 09/575,109 09/575,110 09/607,985 6,398,332 6,394,573 6,622,923 6,747,760 10/189,459 PEC011US 10/815,621 10/815,612 10/815,630 10/815,637 10/815,638 10/815,640 10/815,642 10/815,643 10/815,644 10/815,618 10/815,639 10/815,635 10/815,647 10/815,634 10/815,632 10/815,631 10/815,648 10/815,614 10/815,645 10/815,646 HYG008US HYG009US 10/815,620 10/815,615 HYG012US 10/815,633 10/815,619 HYG015US 10/815,614 10/815,636 10/815,649 10/815,609 10/815,627 10/815,626 10/815,610 10/815,611 10/815,623 10/815,622 10/815,629 10/815,625 10/815,624 10/815,628 10/409,876 10/409,848 10/409,845 09/575,197 09/575,195 09/575,159 09/575,132 09/575,123 09/575,148 09/575,130 09/575,165 09/575,153 09/693,415 09/575,118 09/609,139 09/608,970 09/575,131 09/575,116 09/575,144 09/575,139 NPA019US 09/575,186 6,681,045 6,678,499 6,679,420 09/663,599 09/607,852 6,728,000 09/693,219 09/575,145 09/607,656 09/693,280 6,766,942 09/693,515 09/663,701 09/575,192 6,720,985 09/609,303 09/610,095 09/609,596 09/693,705 09/693,647 09/721,895 09/721,894 09/607,843 09/693,690 09/607,605 09/608,178 09/609,553 09/609,233 09/609,149 09/608,022 09/575,181 09/722,174 09/721,896 10/291,522 6,718,061 10/291,523 10/291,471 10/291,470 10/291,819 10/291,481 10/291,509 10/291,825 10/291,519 10/291,575 10/291,557 10/291,661 10/291,558 10/291,587 10/291,818 10/291,576 10/291,589 6,714,678 6,644,545 10/291,379 6,609,653 6,651,879 10/291,555 10/291,510 10/291,592 10/291,542 10/291,820 10/291,516 NPA111US 10/291,487 10/291,520 10/291,521 10/291,556 10/291,821 10/291,525 10/291,586 10/291,822 10/291,524 10/291,553 10/291,511 10/291,585 10/291,374 10/685,523 10/685,583 10/685,455 10/685,584 10/757,600 10/804,034 10/793,933 10/853,356 10/831,232 NPA150US 09/575,193 09/575,156 09/609,232 09/607,844 6,457,883 09/693,593 10/743,671 09/928,055 09/927,684 09/927,685 09/928,108 09/927,809 09/575,183 09/575,160 09/575,150 09/575,169 NPK006US NPK007US NPK008US NPK009US 6,644,642 6,502,614 6,622,999 6,669,385 10/322,450 6,549,935 NPN004US 09/575,187 6,727,996 6,591,884 6,439,706 6,760,119 09/575,198 09/722,148 09/722,146 09/721,861 6,290,349 6,428,155 09/575,146 09/608,920 6,741,871 09/722,171 09/721,858 09/722,142 10/171,987 10/202,021 10/291,724 10/291,512 10/291,554 10/659,027 10/659,026 10/831,242 NPP040US NPP043US NPP047US 10/659,027 09/693,301 09/575,174 09/575,163 6,474,888 6,627,870 6,724,374 09/722,087 09/722,141 09/722,175 09/722,147 6,737,591 09/722,172 09/693,514 09/721,893 09/722,088 10/291,578 10/291,823 6,768,821 10/291,366 10/291,503 10/291,469 10/274,817 10/782,894 10/782,895 10/778,056 10/778,058 10/778,060 10/778,059 10/778,063 10/778,062 10/778,061 10/778,057 10/846,895 NPS066US NPS067US NPS069US NPS070US NPS076US NPS079US 09/575,154 09/575,129 09/575,124 09/575,188 09/721,862 10/120,441 10/473,747 10/291,577 10/291,718 10/291,719 10/291,543 6,766,944 6,766,945 10/291,715 10/291,559 10/291,660 10/409,864 10/309,358 NPT022US 10/410,484 NPT024US 10/853,379 10/786,631 10/853,782 NPT040US NPT041US NPT042US NPT043US NPT044US NPW001US NPW002US NPW003US NPW004US NPW005US NPW008US 10/683,151 10/683,040 NPW012US NPW013US 10/778,090 09/575,189 09/575,162 09/575,172 09/575,170 09/575,171 09/575,161 10/291,716 10/291,547 10/291,538 10/291,717 10/291,827 10/291,548 10/291,714 10/291,544 10/291,541 10/291,584 10/291,579 10/291,824 10/291,713 10/291,545 10/291,546 NPX038US NPX039US 6,593,166 10/428,823 10/849,931 NWA001US NWA002US NWA003US NWA004US NWA005US 6,454,482 09/693,704 6,527,365 6,474,773 6,550,997 10/181,496 10/274,119 10/309,185 10/309,066 6,416,167 6,746,105 10/728,970 10/728,784 10/728,783 6,536,874 6,666,544 Some applications have been listed by their docket numbers, these will be replaced when application numbers are known.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A number of systems have been proposed in which a printed medium is imbued with an ability to support user interactions with a computer system. Such systems typically rely on coded data placed on or in the medium, ideally in inconspicuous or invisible form. The interactions are then typically mediated by a device capable of sensing and decoding the coded data and communicating the interactions to the computer system. The coded data can consist of one or more discrete barcodes, with each barcode identifying a hyperlink to related information. For example, the barcode can be a UPC barcode as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,773 “System and method for using an ordinary article of commerce to access a remote computer” (F. C. Hudetz et al); it can also consist of a coded coordinate grid which allows the sensing device to generate position information relative to the medium, as variously described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,736 “Optical stylus and passive digitizing tablet data input system” (W. E. Bennett et al), U.S. Pat. No. 5,477,012 “Optical position determination” (O. F. Sekendur), U.S. Pat. No. 6,330,976 “Marking medium area with encoded identifier for producing action through network” (M. Dymetman et al), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,502,756 “Recording of information” (C. Faahraeus), as well as in the present applicant's granted and co-pending applications listed above.

As described in the present applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,457,883, it is advantageous to include unique identifiers in the coded data, since this allows user interactions with different instances of the printed medium to be distinguished. This is true whether the coded data directly identifies one or more hyperlinks (or functions), or whether the coded data identifies one or more regions of the medium (or the entire medium). When the coded data includes a coordinate grid, it may include one or more separate identifiers to identify one or more regions of the medium to which the coordinate grid applies, or the coordinate grid may be a fragment of a larger coordinate grid, thus implicitly identifying one or more regions of the medium, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,502,756.

When the coded data is printed onto the medium on demand, there exists the problem of allocating one or more unique identifiers to be included in the coded data. This is particularly a problem when the identifiers are required to be globally unique but the printer does not have online access to a source of globally unique identifiers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect the present invention provides a cartridge including identifier data that is indicative of at least one identifier, the cartridge being configured for use in a printer capable of printing machine-readable coded data onto a surface, the printer including:

-   -   an interface for receiving the cartridge;     -   a reader for reading the identifier data;     -   a coded data generator for determining the at least one         identifier from the identifier data and for generating coded         data on the basis of the at least one identifier; and     -   at least one printing mechanism for printing the coded data onto         a substrate.

Preferably the identifier data is indicative of a range of identifiers.

Preferably in the range is defined by a base identifier and a count.

Preferably the cartridge is configured to record consumption of identifiers as they are used by the printer.

Preferably the identifier data is indicative of a range of identifiers defined by a base identifier and a count, consumption of the identifiers being recorded by reducing the count.

Preferably the cartridge further includes one or more reservoirs containing one or more of the following substances:

-   -   black ink     -   coloured ink;     -   infrared ink;     -   fixative; and     -   adhesive.

Preferably the identifier data is indicative of sufficient identifiers to identify at least as many pages are as printable, on average, using at least one of the substances in the one or more reservoirs.

Preferably the reader is an optical reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in an optically readable form.

Preferably the identifier data is encoded in any of the following forms:

-   -   bar code;     -   CD-ROM;     -   DVD-ROM; and     -   optically-readable data card.

Preferably the reader is a magnetic reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in a magnetically readable form.

Preferably the reader is a magnetic reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in a magnetically readable form, and wherein the printer includes a magnetic writer for magnetically writing or rewriting the count on or in the cartridge.

Preferably the reader is electronic reading circuitry, and the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge.

Preferably the memory is non-volatile magnetic or solid-state memory.

Preferably the reader is electronic reading circuitry, the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge, and wherein the printer includes an electronic writer for electronically writing or rewriting the count in the memory.

Preferably the identifiers are encrypted in the identifier data using an encryption key.

In another aspect the present invention provides a method of using a printer to print machine-readable coded data, the method including the steps of:

-   -   in the printer, obtaining identifier data from a cartridge         operatively positioned in relation to the printer, the         identifier data being indicative of identifiers;     -   encoding the identifiers in coded data; and     -   printing the coded data

Preferably the method further includes the step of recording, in or on the cartridge, consumption of the identifiers.

Preferably the method further includes the step of reporting, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.

Preferably the method further includes the step of reporting, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.

Preferably the method further includes the step of receiving an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.

Preferably the method further includes the step of sending, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.

Preferably the method further includes the step of recording, in a computer system, that one or more of the identifiers have been used.

Preferably the method further includes the step of recording, in a computer system, an association between one or more of the identifiers and content of a page or document printed by the printer.

In another aspect the present invention provides a printer for printing machine-readable coded data onto a surface, the printer including:

-   -   an interface for receiving a cartridge, the cartridge having         identifier data that is indicative of one or more identifiers;         and     -   a reader for reading the identifier data;     -   a coded data generator for determining at least one identifier         from the identifier data and generating coded data on the basis         of the at least one identifier; and     -   at least one printing mechanism for printing the coded data onto         a substrate.

Preferably the printer is configured to report, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.

Preferably the printer is configured to report, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.

Preferably the printer is configured to receive an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.

Preferably the printer is configured to send, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.

Preferably the printer includes writing means for recording, in or on the cartridge, consumption of the identifiers.

Preferably the printer is configured to report, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.

Preferably the printer is configured to report, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.

Preferably the printer is configured receive an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.

Preferably the printer is configured to send, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.

Preferably the coded data includes the identifiers.

Preferably the cartridge includes at least one coded data ink reservoir containing coded data ink, the printing mechanism being configured to use the coded data ink to print the coded data.

Preferably the identifier data is indicative of a predetermined amount of the coded data.

Preferably the predetermined amount is of an order of the amount of coded data the printer is capable of printing using the ink in the cartridge.

Preferably the coded data ink is substantially invisible to an unaided human.

Preferably the coded data ink is absorptive in the infrared spectrum.

Preferably the cartridge includes at least one visible ink reservoir containing visible ink, the printing mechanism being configured to use the visible ink to print visibly on the substrate.

Preferably the printing mechanism is configured to print the coded data ink and the visible ink substantially simultaneously.

Preferably the coded data includes one or more tags.

Preferably each tag is indicative of an identity of a document with which it is printed.

Preferably each tag is indicative of a location of that tag in relation to a document with which it is printed.

Preferably the reader is an optical scanner and the identifier data takes the form of optically scannable information on the cartridge.

Preferably the identifier data takes the form of a bar code.

Preferably the reader is a magnetic scanner and the identifier data is a magnetic pattern on the cartridge.

Preferably the reader is electronic reading circuitry, and the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge.

Preferably the coded data is encrypted into the identifier data using an encryption key, to impede extraction of the coded data from the identity data.

Preferably the coded data is indicative of an identity of at least a region of the surface.

Preferably the coded data is also indicative of at least one reference point of the surface.

Preferably the base identifier is an initial value to be used by the printer in an algorithm for generating the coded data.

Preferably the identifier data includes a base identifier, the printer being configured to use the base identifier in an algorithm for generating further identifiers for the coded data.

Preferably the algorithm is a recursive algorithm and the initial identifier is used as a seed value for the algorithm.

Preferably the recursive algorithm outputs a sequence of identifiers upon which the coded data is based.

Preferably the sequence is pseudo-random.

Preferably the base identifier is a seed value for a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), the method including the steps of:

-   -   loading the LFSR with initial data based on the initial         identifier; and     -   generating identifiers based on the contents of the LFSR as it         is clocked.

Preferably the printer is configured to record usage of ink, new identifiers only being generated until a predetermined amount of the ink is determined to have been used by the printer.

Preferably the ink is provided in one or more reservoirs of the cartridge.

Preferably the method includes the steps of:

-   -   determining a base identifier based on the identifier data and         generating some of the coded data based on the base identifier;     -   determining subsequent identifiers by incrementing or         decrementing the current identifier, and generating further         coded data based on the subsequent identifiers.

Preferably the method includes the step of recording usage of ink by the printer, new coded data only being generated until a predetermined amount of the ink is determined to have been used by the printer.

Preferably the ink is provided in one or more reservoirs of the cartridge.

Preferably the method includes the step of overwriting each current identifier with the next subsequent identifier.

Preferably the cartridge includes non-volatile memory and the overwriting step includes overwriting the current identifier stored in the memory.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a wall-mounted printer;

FIG. 2 shows a section through the length of the printer of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 a shows an enlarged portion of FIG. 2 showing a section of the duplexed print engines and glue wheel assembly;

FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the ink cartridge, ink, air and glue paths, and print engines of the printer of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a printer controller for the printer shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of duplexed print engine controllers and printheads associated with the printer controller shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a printer with ID data stored in the ink cartridge;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a printer with ID data encoded on the surface of the ink cartridge;

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a printer allocating the next ID from the ink cartridge, on receipt of print data;

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of a computer requesting the ID from the printer prior to sending print data;

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a printer reading ID data from the ink cartridge and maintaining the ID allocation internally;

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a computer maintaining ID allocation after obtaining the ID data from the printer;

FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a computer maintaining ID allocation after obtaining the ID data from the printer; ands FIG. 13 shows a class diagram of an object ID.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND OTHER EMBODIMENTS

Note: Memjet™ is the trademark of Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd, Australia.

In the preferred embodiment, the invention is configured to work with the netpage system, as described in the present applicant's granted and co-pending applications listed above.

A netpage printer 601, an example of which is described in more detail below, prints interactive pages 2014 with visible graphic data and invisible coded data. The coded data for a region of a surface (e.g. the surface of a printed page) includes one or more identifiers 210 for each region and a coordinate grid for each region. A coordinate grid may be a fragment of a larger coordinate grid, and may thus implicitly identify its corresponding region (or page), i.e. without an explicit region (or page) identifier. A description of the contents of the page 2010, corresponding to at least some of the graphic data, is stored on a computer system, indexed by the corresponding region identifiers (or the page identifier).

A user typically interacts with the page using a hand-held device, such as a pen device, which is capable of sensing and decoding the coded data, and transmitting, to the computer system, data representing movement of the device relative to the coordinate grid. The computer system interprets the movement data in relation to the stored description of the page, retrieved using the region (or page) identifier accompanying the movement data. For example, the computer system may interpret the movement data as a click of a button, a check of a box, handwriting in a text field, drawing in a drawing field, or a signature in a signature field. Alternatively or additionally, the coded data may identify interactive objects, such as buttons, hyperlinks and fields, directly, allowing the computer system to interpret the movement data without reference to a stored page description.

As shown in FIG. 13, the identifier 210 can be considered as a general object identifier, whether it identifies a page, a region of a page, a specific object, or a specific item. In the latter case, the item identifier 215 may correspond to an electronic product code (EPC), consisting of a product identifier 214 and a serial number 213. The product identifier may correspond to a Universal Product Code (UPC). The product identifier may consist of a manufacturer number 211 and a product class number 212.

A netpage printer 601 comprises a controller 656, a printhead 350, and one or more replaceable ink cartridges 2003. A netpage printer 601 utilizes one or more print cartridges 2003 which may contain black ink, colored ink (e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow), fixative, and adhesive 2005. Each cartridge 2003 typically incorporates a quality assurance (QA) chip 761 which contains information about ink characteristics and available ink volume, and which is used to record ink consumption during printing to prevent printheads 350 from running dry and being damaged.

The netpage printer 601 typically utilizes invisible ink for printing coded data, in which case at least one cartridge 2003 includes invisible ink. The invisible ink may be a near-infrared-absorptive ink.

It is advantageous for a netpage system to use unique identifiers for identifying regions (or pages), to allow user interactions with different regions (or pages) to be distinguished by the system. This may apply to regions (or pages) with different descriptions, or to different instances of the same regions (or pages), or to different object (or function) identifiers, or to different instances of the same object (or function) identifiers.

When all the participants of a netpage system are connected, it is a trivial matter to allocate identifiers in such a way as to guarantee global uniqueness. For example, a central database of identifiers may be used. However, when all the participants of a netpage system are not connected, the allocation of unique identifiers presents a problem. For example, when netpage systems are deployed on multiple networks, it is desirable for identifiers allocated within any network to be unique across all networks to prevent accidental misinterpretation by a computer on one network of input received via a page printed on another network.

As shown in FIG. 6, to allow allocation of globally unique identifiers, identifiers can be centrally allocated and stored in netpage cartridges 2003 during or after the cartridge manufacturing process. The QA chip 761 in a netpage printer cartridge 2003 provides a convenient non-volatile memory (in the form of a flash memory) capable of holding a range of unique identifiers (examples of the QA chip are the subject of granted U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,354 and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. __/______, filed May 27, 2004 entitled “Use of variant base keys with two entities (docket number: PLT034)”). Ideally, the cartridge 2003 which contains the machine-readable ink 2005 used for printing coded data also holds the identifier range. This allows the size of the pre-allocated identifier range (or set) to be tuned to the maximum number of pages printable using the available volume of machine-readable ink. Another non-volatile memory in the cartridge can be used in place of the QA chip's memory.

As an alternative, a pre-allocated identifier range (or set) can be provided to the printer separately from other consumables, e.g. in the form of a flash memory card, read-only memory (ROM) card, optical card, magnetic stripe card, smart card, or any combination of these. Such a card may of course come in any number of form factors, including a chip, a card, and cartridge. It is then practical to have a computer system 2009 on the network 2012, rather than a printer, manage identifier allocation from the card.

It will be appreciated that the term “cartridge” is meant to encompass all conceivable form factors, and is not intended in a limiting sense except as to indicate an object which can be inserted into a computer system 2009 or printer 601 for the purposes of being read (and possibly written), possibly but not necessarily in conjunction with the extraction of other consumable materials.

As shown in FIG. 8, each time the netpage printer 601 requires a unique identifier, e.g. when it prints a page in response to print data received from a computer system, it reads the next available identifier from the cartridge 2003, and increments the next available identifier. This ensures that the same identifier is only used once. In practice, this is advantageously done by way of decrementing a count of available identifiers relative to a static base identifier. In the preferred embodiment, the printer 601 then communicates the identifier to the computer system 2009 to allow the computer system to record an association between the page description 2010 and the identifier in an index 2011. If region (or page) identification is implicit via a unique fragment of a larger coordinate grid, then the allocated (and communicated) “identifier” consists of a range of two-dimensional addresses, where the range identifies the coordinate grid fragment and thus the region (or page).

A number of schemes may be used to represent a collection of identifiers. A range may be represented by a base identifier and a count. The count may be omitted and the range may instead be limited by the physical ink capacity of the cartridge. A range or set of identifiers may be represented explicitly.

The identifiers may also be generated algorithmically. For example, successive identifiers may be generated recursively, by feeding back at least a portion of a current identifier into an algorithm to generate the next identifier.

One way of implementing recursive generation is by using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). An LFSR of length k consists of k 1-bit stages numbered 0 to k-1. On each clock the content of stage 0 forms the next bit of the output sequence, the content of stage i is moved to stage i-1, and the new content of stage is a feedback bit calculated by adding together modulo 2 the previous contents of a fixed subset of the stages of the register (see Menezes, A. J., P. C. van Oorschot and S. A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, 1997, CRC Press).

A maximal-length LFSR produces as output a so-called m-sequence with a length of (2{circumflex over ( )}k)-1, in which every possible non-zero register value appears once before the sequence repeats. M-sequences are also known as pseudo-noise (PN) or pseudo-random sequences, since they exhibit many of the general characteristics of noise without actually being random. The characteristics and construction of PN sequences are discussed extensively in Golomb, S. W., Shift Register Sequences, Aegean Park Press, 1982. In practice, a collection of identifiers can be represented by a base identifier and optionally a count. The base identifier then forms the initial contents of the LFSR.

A number of schemes may also be used to record the consumption of identifiers. The base identifier may simply be incremented, decremented or re-written. The associated count, if present, may be decremented. Alternatively a usage count may be incremented. If the identifier information is recorded in a read-only medium, then a separate usage count is useful. Usage consumption may also be physically recorded, e.g. by the length of a line or of a collection of marks incrementally recorded on the cartridge.

The allocation of an identifier from the cartridge 2003 may, from the printer's point of view, be decoupled from printing. The printer 601 may, for example, respond to a request from a computer system 2009 for one or more identifiers, which the computer system then allocates to one or more regions (or pages) 2010 prior to sending print data to the printer, as shown in FIG. 9. The print data may then include the identifiers. Identifiers allocated from a cartridge 2003 may include identifiers which are used by the computer system 2009 to index document, page, region and object data, but which are never included in coded data printed by the (or any other) printer.

The netpage print cartridge 2003 may provide identifiers 2015 in another machine-readable form, such as in the form of an optical or magnetic encoding which can be sensed and decoded by the printer. For example, the identifier data 2015 may be coded in a linear or two-dimensional barcode 2007 on the surface of the cartridge, which is read by a barcode reader 2008 embedded in the printer 601, as shown in FIG. 7. If the cartridge lacks re-writable memory entirely (e.g. in the absence of QA-chip flash memory), then the printer 601 can maintain identifier consumption data in its own memory 2006, or on its own disk 2013, as shown in FIG. 10, or on a computer system 2009 to which it has access, or a computer system can maintain identifier consumption data 2013 for a cartridge 2003 to which the printer 601 provides it with access, as shown in FIG. 11. Although largely practical, these approaches have the disadvantage that if a partially-used cartridge is moved from one netpage network to another (or even from one printer to another on the same network), then duplicate identifier usage may result. Alternatively, the printer 601 can maintain identifier consumption data on the cartridge, but recorded in a different manner to the identifier data itself. For example, the identifier data may be recorded in read-only form using any of the approaches described above, and the printer may read and write (or re-write) identifier consumption data separately, e.g. via a optical reader for reading consumption-indicative marks or data on the cartridge and a printer (or other marking device) for printing (or otherwise placing) consumption-indicating marks or data onto the cartridge, or via a magnetic reader and writer for reading consumption-indicating data from and writing consumption-indicating data to a magnetic medium on the cartridge.

However the identifiers are stored in or on the cartridge, it is preferred that some form of encryption be used. Encryption prevents unauthorized tampering with the information stored on the cartridge, which is important if it is desirable to keep the identifiers globally unique across many printers and computer systems. Where the identifiers have commercial value, encryption impedes unauthorized generation of unpaid-for identifiers by end users.

A suitable encryption scheme is a public-private key arrangement, whereby the identifier information on or in the cartridge is encrypted at some point during manufacture or distribution using a private key. The printer (or computer system) is provided with the public key corresponding to the private key, enabling it to decrypt the identifier information from the cartridge prior to use. Alternatively, the identifier information may be encrypted using a secret key also known to the printer.

Rather than being encrypted, the identifier information may be stored in the clear but may have an associated digital signature. The printer can verify the digital signature with respect to the identifiers to thereby authenticate the identifier information. The digital signature may have been generated during manufacture or distribution using a secret key or a private key, and the printer may verify the digital signature using respectively the same secret key or a public key associated with the private key.

Whether the identifier information is encrypted or digitally signed using a secret key, the secret key may be securely stored in a master QA chip embedded in the printer.

An example of a netpage printer 601 is described in more detail below.

Netpage Printer Description

Printer Mechanics

The vertically-mounted netpage wallprinter 601 is shown fully assembled in FIG. 1. It prints netpages on Letter/A4 sized media using duplexed 8½″ Memjet™ print engines 602 and 603, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 2 a. It uses a straight paper path with the paper 604 passing through the duplexed print engines 602 and 603 which print both sides of a sheet simultaneously, in full color and with full bleed.

An integral binding assembly 605 applies a strip of glue along one edge of each printed sheet, allowing it to adhere to the previous sheet when pressed against it. This creates a final bound document 618 which can range in thickness from one sheet to several hundred sheets.

The replaceable ink cartridge 627, shown in FIG. 3 coupled with the duplexed print engines, has bladders or chambers for storing fixative, adhesive, and cyan, magenta, yellow, black and infrared inks. The cartridge also contains a micro air filter in a base molding.

Referring to FIG. 2, the motorized media pick-up roller assembly 626 pushes the top sheet directly from the media tray past a paper sensor on the first print engine 602 into the duplexed Memjet™ printhead assembly. The two Memjet™ print engines 602 and 603 are mounted in an opposing in-line sequential configuration along the straight paper path. The paper 604 is drawn into the first print engine 602 by integral, powered pick-up rollers 626. The position and size of the paper 604 is sensed and full bleed printing commences. Fixative is printed simultaneously to aid drying in the shortest possible time.

The paper exits the first Memjet™ print engine 602 through a set of powered exit spike wheels (aligned along the straight paper path), which act against a rubberized roller. These spike wheels contact the printed surface and continue to feed the sheet 604 into the second Memjet™ print engine 603.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 2 a, the paper 604 passes from the duplexed print engines 602 and 603 into the binder assembly 605. The printed page passes between a powered spike wheel axle 670 with a fibrous support roller and another movable axle with spike wheels and a momentary action glue wheel. The movable axle/glue assembly 673 is mounted to a metal support bracket and it is transported forward to interface with the powered axle 670 via gears by action of a camshaft. A separate motor powers this camshaft.

The glue wheel assembly 673 consists of a partially hollow axle 679 with a rotating coupling for the glue supply hose 641 from the ink cartridge 627. This axle 679 connects to a glue wheel, which absorbs adhesive by capillary action through radial holes. A molded housing 682 surrounds the glue wheel, with an opening at the front. Pivoting side moldings and sprung outer doors are attached to the metal bracket and hinge out sideways when the rest of the assembly 673 is thrust forward. This action exposes the glue wheel through the front of the molded housing 682. Tension springs close the assembly and effectively cap the glue wheel during periods of inactivity.

As the sheet 604 passes into the glue wheel assembly 673, adhesive is applied to one vertical edge on the front side (apart from the first sheet of a document) as it is transported down into the binding assembly 605.

Printer Controller Architecture

The netpage printer controller consists of a controlling processor 750, a factory-installed or field-installed network interface module 625, a radio transceiver (transceiver controller 753, baseband circuit 754, RF circuit 755, and RF resonators and inductors 756), dual raster image processor (RIP) DSPs 757, duplexed print engine controllers 760 a and 760 b, flash memory 658, and 64 MB of DRAM 657, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

The controlling processor handles communication with the network 19 and with local wireless netpage pens 101, senses the help button 617, controls the user interface LEDs 613-616, and feeds and synchronizes the RIP DSPs 757 and print engine controllers 760. It consists of a medium-performance general-purpose microprocessor. The controlling processor 750 communicates with the print engine controllers 760 via a high-speed serial bus 659.

The RIP DSPs rasterize and compress page descriptions to the netpage printer's compressed page format. Each print engine controller expands, dithers and prints page images to its associated Memjet™ printhead 350 in real time (i.e. at over 30 pages per minute). The duplexed print engine controllers print both sides of a sheet simultaneously.

The master print engine controller 760 a controls the paper transport and monitors ink usage in conjunction with the master QA chip 665 and the ink cartridge QA chip 761, as shown in FIG. 5.

The printer controller's flash memory 658 holds the software for both the processor 750 and the DSPs 757, as well as configuration data. This is copied to main memory 657 at boot time.

The processor 750, DSPs 757, and digital transceiver components (transceiver controller 753 and baseband circuit 754) are integrated in a single controller ASIC 656. Analog RF components (RF circuit 755 and RF resonators and inductors 756) are provided in a separate RF chip 762. The network interface module 625 is separate, since netpage printers allow the network connection to be factory-selected or field-selected. Flash memory 658 and the 2×256 Mbit (64 MB) DRAM 657 is also off-chip. The print engine controllers 760 are provided in separate ASICs.

A variety of network interface modules 625 are provided, each providing a netpage network interface 751 and optionally a local computer or network interface 752. Netpage network Internet interfaces include POTS modems, Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) cable modems, ISDN modems, DSL modems, satellite transceivers, current and next-generation cellular telephone transceivers, and wireless local loop (WLL) transceivers. Local interfaces include IEEE 1284 (parallel port), 10Base-T and 100Base-T Ethernet, USB and USB 2.0, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), and various emerging home networking interfaces. If an Internet connection is available on the local network, then the local network interface can be used as the netpage network interface.

The radio transceiver 753 communicates in the unlicensed 900 MHz band normally used by cordless telephones, or alternatively in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, and uses frequency hopping and collision detection to provide interference-free communication.

The printer controller optionally incorporates an Infrared Data Association (IrDA) interface for receiving data “squirted” from devices such as netpage cameras. In an alternative embodiment, the printer uses the IrDA interface for short-range communication with suitably configured netpage pens.

Rasterization and Printing

Once the main processor 750 has received and verified the document's page layouts and page objects, it runs the appropriate RIP software on the DSPs 757.

The DSPs 757 rasterize each page description and compress the rasterized page image. The main processor stores each compressed page image in memory. The simplest way to load-balance multiple DSPs is to let each DSP rasterize a separate page. The DSPs can always be kept busy since an arbitrary number of rasterized pages can, in general, be stored in memory. This strategy only leads to potentially poor DSP utilization when rasterizing short documents.

The infrared (IR) layer of the printed page contains coded netpage tags at a density of about six per inch. Each tag encodes the page ID, tag ID, and control bits, and the data content of each tag is generated during rasterization and stored in the compressed page image.

The main processor 750 passes back-to-back page images to the duplexed print engine controllers 760. Each print engine controller 760 stores the compressed page image in its local memory, and starts the page expansion and printing pipeline. Page expansion and printing is pipelined because it is impractical to store an entire 114 MB bi-level CMYK+IR page image in memory.

Print Engine Controller

The page expansion and printing pipeline of the print engine controller 760 consists of a high speed IEEE 1394 serial interface 659, a standard JPEG decoder 763, a standard Group 4 Fax decoder 764, a custom halftoner/compositor unit 765, a custom tag encoder 766, a line loader/formatter unit 767, and a custom interface 768 to the Memjet™ printhead 350.

The print engine controller 360 operates in a double buffered manner. While one page is loaded into DRAM 769 via the high speed serial interface 659, the previously loaded page is read from DRAM 769 and passed through the print engine controller pipeline. Once the page has finished printing, the page just loaded is printed while another page is loaded.

The first stage of the pipeline expands (at 763) the JPEG-compressed contone CMYK layer, expands (at 764) the Group 4 Fax-compressed bi-level black layer, and renders (at 766) the bi-level netpage tag layer according to the tag format defined in section 1.2, all in parallel. The second stage dithers (at 765) the contone CMYK layer and composites (at 765) the bi-level black layer over the resulting bi-level CMYK layer.

The resultant bi-level CMYK+IR dot data is buffered and formatted (at 767) for printing on the Memjet™ printhead 350 via a set of line buffers. Most of these line buffers are stored in the off-chip DRAM. The final stage prints the six channels of bi-level dot data (including fixative) to the Memjet™ printhead 350 via the printhead interface 768.

When several print engine controllers 760 are used in unison, such as in a duplexed configuration, they are synchronized via a shared line sync signal 770. Only one print engine 760, selected via the external master/slave pin 771, generates the line sync signal 770 onto the shared line.

The print engine controller 760 contains a low-speed processor 772 for synchronizing the page expansion and rendering pipeline, configuring the printhead 350 via a low-speed serial bus 773, and controlling the stepper motors 675, 676.

In the 8½″ versions of the netpage printer, the two print engines each prints 30 Letter pages per minute along the long dimension of the page (11″), giving a line rate of 8.8 kHz at 1600 dpi. In the 12″ versions of the netpage printer, the two print engines each prints 45 Letter pages per minute along the short dimension of the page (8½″), giving a line rate of 10.2 kHz. These line rates are well within the operating frequency of the Memjet™ printhead, which in the current design exceeds 30 kHz.

Printing Product Labels and Packaging

The printer 601, or a variant thereof, may be used to print product codes, product information and product graphics onto the label, packaging or actual surface of a product before, during or after its manufacture and/or assembly.

The printer may be an add-on infrared printer which prints barcodes and/or netpage tags after text and graphics have been printed by other means, or an integrated color and infrared printer which prints the omnitags, text and graphics simultaneously. Digitally-printed text and graphics may include everything on the label or packaging, or may consist only of the variable portions, with other portions still printed by other means. Thus the printer with an infrared and black printing capability can displace an existing digital printer used for variable data printing, such as a conventional thermal transfer or inkjet printer.

The printer is typically controlled by a host computer, which supplies the printer with fixed and/or variable text and graphics as well as item ids for inclusion in the omnitags. The host may provide real-time control over the printer, whereby it provides the printer with data in real time as printing proceeds. As an optimisation, the host may provide the printer with fixed data before printing begins, and only provide variable data in real time. The printer may also be capable of generating per-item variable data based on parameters provided by the host. For example, the host may provide the printer with a base item ID prior to printing, and the printer may simply increment the base item ID to generate successive item ids. Alternatively, memory in the ink cartridge or other storage medium inserted into the printer may provide a source of unique item ids, in which case the printer reports the assignment of items ids to the host computer for recording by the host.

Alternatively still, the printer may be capable of reading a pre-existing item ID from the label onto which the omnitags are being printed, assuming the unique ID has been applied in some form to the label during a previous manufacturing step. For example, the item ID may already be present in the form of a visible 2D bar code, or encoded in an RFID tag. In the former case the printer can include an optical bar code scanner. In the latter case it can include an RFID reader.

The printer may also be capable of rendering the item ID in other forms. For example, it may be capable of printing the item ID in the form of a 2D bar code, or of printing the product ID component of the item ID in the form of a linear bar code, or of writing the item ID to a writable or write-once RFID tag.

CONCLUSION

The invention has been described herein with reference to the specific examples only. Skilled workers in this field will readily recognize many variations and modifications, which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the broad inventive concept.

Furthermore, it will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the cartridge disclosed in the present application may be implemented or used in any printing device where the printing device uses a cartridge. For example, the printing device may be a desktop printer, a workgroup printer, a network printer, a short-run digital printer, or a printer integrated in a mobile device such as a personal digital assistant or a mobile or cellular phone. Such devices and printers are the subject of granted U.S. patents and co-pending U.S. patent applications, details of which are provided in the cross reference section of the present specification. 

1. A cartridge including identifier data that is indicative of at least one identifier, the cartridge being configured for use in a printer capable of printing machine-readable coded data onto a surface, the printer including: an interface for receiving the cartridge; a reader for reading the identifier data; a coded data generator for determining the at least one identifier from the identifier data and for generating coded data on the basis of the at least one identifier; and at least one printing mechanism for printing the coded data onto a substrate.
 2. A cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the identifier data is indicative of a range of identifiers.
 3. A cartridge according to claim 2, wherein in the range is defined by a base identifier and a count.
 4. A cartridge according to claim 1, configured to record consumption of identifiers as they are used by the printer.
 5. A cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the identifier data is indicative of a range of identifiers defined by a base identifier and a count, consumption of the identifiers being recorded by reducing the count.
 6. A cartridge according to claim 1, further including one or more reservoirs containing one or more of the following substances: black ink coloured ink; infrared ink; fixative; and adhesive.
 7. A cartridge according to claim 6, wherein the identifier data is indicative of sufficient identifiers to identify at least as many pages are as printable, on average, using at least one of the substances in the one or more reservoirs.
 8. A cartridge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reader is an optical reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in an optically readable form.
 9. A cartridge according to claim 8, where the identifier data is encoded in any of the following forms: bar code; CD-ROM; DVD-ROM; and optically-readable data card.
 10. A cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reader is a magnetic reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in a magnetically readable form.
 11. A cartridge according to claim 5, wherein the reader is a magnetic reader and the identifier data is disposed on or in the cartridge in a magnetically readable form, and wherein the printer includes a magnetic writer for magnetically writing or rewriting the count on or in the cartridge.
 12. A cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reader is electronic reading circuitry, and the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge.
 13. A cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the memory is non-volatile magnetic or solid-state memory
 14. A cartridge according to claim 5, wherein the reader is electronic reading circuitry, the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge, and wherein the printer includes an electronic writer for electronically writing or rewriting the count in the memory.
 15. A cartridge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the identifiers are encrypted in the identifier data using an encryption key.
 16. A method of using a printer to print machine-readable coded data, the method including the steps of: in the printer, obtaining identifier data from a cartridge operatively positioned in relation to the printer, the identifier data being indicative of identifiers; encoding the identifiers in coded data; and printing the coded data
 17. A method according to claim 16, further including the step of recording, in or on the cartridge, consumption of the identifiers.
 18. A method according to claim 16 or 17, including the step of reporting, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.
 19. A method according to claim 18, further including the step of reporting, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.
 20. A method according to claim 19, further including the step of receiving an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.
 21. A method according to claim 16, including the step of sending, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.
 22. A method according to claim 16, including the step of recording, in a computer system, that one or more of the identifiers have been used.
 23. A method according to claim 16 or 17 or 18, including the step of recording, in a computer system, an association between one or more of the identifiers and content of a page or document printed by the printer.
 24. A printer for printing machine-readable coded data onto a surface, the printer including: an interface for receiving a cartridge, the cartridge having identifier data that is indicative of one or more identifiers; and a reader for reading the identifier data; a coded data generator for determining at least one identifier from the identifier data and generating coded data on the basis of the at least one identifier; and at least one printing mechanism for printing the coded data onto a substrate.
 25. A printer according to claim 24, configured to report, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.
 26. A printer according to claim 25, configured to report, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.
 27. A printer according to claim 26, configured to receive an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.
 28. A printer according to claim 24, configured to send, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.
 29. A printer according to claim 24, including writing means for recording, in or on the cartridge, consumption of the identifiers.
 30. A printer according to claim 28, configured to report, to a computer system, consumption of the identifiers.
 31. A printer according to claim 30, configured to report, to the computer system, which identifier or identifiers have been used in relation to some or all of a print job processed by the printer.
 32. A printer according to claim 30, configured receive an identifier from the computer system as part of the print job.
 33. A printer according to claim 28, configured to send, to a computer system, some or all of the identifiers obtained from the identifier data.
 34. A printer according to claim 24, wherein the coded data includes the identifiers.
 37. A printer according to claim 34, wherein the cartridge includes at least one coded data ink reservoir containing coded data ink, the printing mechanism being configured to use the coded data ink to print the coded data.
 38. A printer according to claim 37, wherein the identifier data is indicative of a predetermined amount of the coded data.
 39. A printer according to claim 38, wherein the predetermined amount is of an order of the amount of coded data the printer is capable of printing using the ink in the cartridge.
 40. A printer according to any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the coded data ink is substantially invisible to an unaided human.
 41. A printer according to claim 40, wherein the coded data ink is absorptive in the infrared spectrum.
 42. A printer according to any one of the claims 24 to 41, wherein the cartridge includes at least one visible ink reservoir containing visible ink, the printing mechanism being configured to use the visible ink to print visibly on the substrate.
 43. A printer according to claim 42, the printing mechanism being configured to print the coded data ink and the visible ink substantially simultaneously.
 44. A printer according to any one of claims 24 to 43, wherein the coded data includes one or more tags.
 45. A printer according to claim 44, wherein each tag is indicative of an identity of a document with which it is printed.
 46. A printer according to claim 44 or 45, wherein each tag is indicative of a location of that tag in relation to a document with which it is printed.
 47. A printer according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein the reader is an optical scanner and the identifier data takes the form of optically scannable information on the cartridge.
 48. A printer according to claim 46, wherein the identifier data takes the form of a bar code.
 49. A printer according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein the reader is a magnetic scanner and the identifier data is a magnetic pattern on the cartridge.
 50. A printer according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein the reader is electronic reading circuitry, and the identifier data is incorporated in memory associated with the cartridge.
 51. A printer according to claim 50, wherein the coded data is encrypted into the identifier data using an encryption key, to impede extraction of the coded data from the identity data.
 52. A cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the coded data is indicative of an identity of at least a region of the surface.
 53. A cartridge according to claim 52, wherein the coded data is also indicative of at least one reference point of the surface.
 54. A cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the base identifier is an initial value to be used by the printer in an algorithm for generating the coded data.
 55. A method according to claim 16, wherein the identifier data includes a base identifier, the printer being configured to use the base identifier in an algorithm for generating further identifiers for the coded data.
 56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the algorithm is a recursive algorithm and the initial identifier is used as a seed value for the algorithm.
 57. A method according to claim 56, wherein the recursive algorithm outputs a sequence of identifiers upon which the coded data is based.
 58. A method according to claim 57, wherein the sequence is pseudo-random.
 59. A method according to claim 58, wherein the base identifier is a seed value for a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), the method including the steps of: loading the LFSR with initial data based on the initial identifier; and generating identifiers based on the contents of the LFSR as it is clocked.
 60. A method according to claim 54, wherein the printer is configured to record usage of ink, new identifiers only being generated until a predetermined amount of the ink is determined to have been used by the printer.
 61. A method according to claim 60, wherein the ink is provided in one or more reservoirs of the cartridge.
 62. A method according to claim 16, including the steps of: determining a base identifier based on the identifier data and generating some of the coded data based on the base identifier; determining subsequent identifiers by incrementing or decrementing the current identifier, and generating further coded data based on the subsequent identifiers.
 63. A method according to claim 62, including the step of recording usage of ink by the printer, new coded data only being generated until a predetermined amount of the ink is determined to have been used by the printer.
 64. A method according to claim 63, wherein the ink is provided in one or more reservoirs of the cartridge.
 65. A method according to claim 63, including overwriting each current identifier with the next subsequent identifier.
 66. A method according to claim 65, wherein the cartridge includes non-volatile memory and the overwriting step includes overwriting the current identifier stored in the memory. 